A puncture wound is a wound caused by a sharp object that pierces the skin, creating a hole. Puncture wounds usually don't bleed heavily and often quickly close on their own. A cut is an injury that opens or breaks the skin. The greatest risk associated with cuts and puncture wounds is infection. Objects that break the skin can carry bacteria or tetanus, both of which can cause serious or, in the case of tetanus, life-threatening infection. If the wound is due to an animal or human bite, is located on the foot or is particularly deep, infection is of particular concern. In such cases, it is important to consult with a physician.
Almost any type of sharp object can cause a cut or puncture wound. Nails, tacks, glass, wooden splinters and scissors are common objects of concern, as are animal bites.
Puncture wounds cause bleeding, pain and, in some cases, a loss of feeling around the site of the wound. An infected wound will appear red and swollen and might be full of pus or a watery discharge.
Treatment depends on the severity of the cut. The first step is to stop the wound from bleeding by applying direct pressure. If the wound is deep and bleeds excessively, medical attention is required.
Because cuts and puncture wounds are particularly prone to infection, it is important that they be thoroughly cleaned. The wound should be run under water for approximately five minutes and the surrounding area cleaned with soap and water. All objects must be removed from the wound, but it's important not to poke at or inside of it. Clearing the wound of all debris can greatly reduce the risk of infection. If rinsing with water does not effectively remove all objects, seeking treatment from a doctor so that the lodged item can be removed is necessary.
Once cleaned, a thin layer of antibacterial ointment applied to the area will protect it against infection. A clean bandage covering the surface of the wound will help keep it clean and free from harmful bacteria. The bandage should be changed daily or when it becomes dirty or wet.
Blasko, Barbara J., M.D. "Puncture Wound Symptoms." EMedicineHealth.com (accessed Aug. 17, 2017).
Mayo Clinic staff. "Puncture wounds: First aid." MayoClinic.com (accessed Aug. 17, 2017).
MedlinePlus. "Cuts and Puncture Wounds." National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health (accessed Aug. 17, 2017).
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